# SQL-first Golang ORM for PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, and SQLite [![build workflow](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/actions/workflows/build.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/actions) [![PkgGoDev](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/uptrace/bun)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/uptrace/bun) [![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/bun-documentation-informational)](https://bun.uptrace.dev/) [![Chat](https://discordapp.com/api/guilds/752070105847955518/widget.png)](https://discord.gg/rWtp5Aj) > Bun is brought to you by :star: [**uptrace/uptrace**](https://github.com/uptrace/uptrace). Uptrace > is an open source and blazingly fast > [distributed tracing tool](https://get.uptrace.dev/compare/distributed-tracing-tools.html) powered > by OpenTelemetry and ClickHouse. Give it a star as well! ## Features - Works with [PostgreSQL](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/drivers.html#postgresql), [MySQL](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/drivers.html#mysql) (including MariaDB), [MSSQL](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/drivers.html#mssql), [SQLite](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/drivers.html#sqlite). - [ORM-like](/example/basic/) experience using good old SQL. Bun supports structs, map, scalars, and slices of map/structs/scalars. - [Bulk inserts](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/query-insert.html). - [Bulk updates](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/query-update.html) using common table expressions. - [Bulk deletes](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/query-delete.html). - [Fixtures](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/fixtures.html). - [Migrations](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/migrations.html). - [Soft deletes](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/soft-deletes.html). Resources: - [**Get started**](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/golang-orm.html) - [Examples](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/tree/master/example) - [Discussions](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/discussions) - [Chat](https://discord.gg/rWtp5Aj) - [Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/uptrace/bun) - [Starter kit](https://github.com/go-bun/bun-starter-kit) Projects using Bun: - [gotosocial](https://github.com/superseriousbusiness/gotosocial) - Golang fediverse server. - [alexedwards/scs](https://github.com/alexedwards/scs) - HTTP Session Management for Go. - [emerald-web3-gateway](https://github.com/oasisprotocol/emerald-web3-gateway) - Web3 Gateway for the Oasis Emerald paratime. - [lndhub.go](https://github.com/getAlby/lndhub.go) - accounting wrapper for the Lightning Network. - [RealWorld app](https://github.com/go-bun/bun-realworld-app) - And hundreds more. ## Benchmark [https://github.com/davars/dbeval](https://github.com/davars/dbeval)
results ``` BenchmarkInsert BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Memory/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Memory/Authors-4 84450 12104 ns/op 2623 B/op 70 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Xorm/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Xorm/Authors-4 7291 153505 ns/op 9024 B/op 311 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.UpperDB/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.UpperDB/Authors-4 4608 223672 ns/op 24160 B/op 1100 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Bun/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Bun/Authors-4 6034 186439 ns/op 6818 B/op 80 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PQ/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PQ/Authors-4 1141 907494 ns/op 6487 B/op 193 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.SQLX/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.SQLX/Authors-4 1165 916987 ns/op 10089 B/op 271 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Ozzo/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Ozzo/Authors-4 1105 1058082 ns/op 27826 B/op 588 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGXStdlib/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGXStdlib/Authors-4 1228 900207 ns/op 6032 B/op 180 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Gorm/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Gorm/Authors-4 946 1184285 ns/op 35634 B/op 918 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGX/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGX/Authors-4 1116 923728 ns/op 3839 B/op 130 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.DBR/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.DBR/Authors-4 5800 183982 ns/op 8646 B/op 230 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.GoPG/Authors BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.GoPG/Authors-4 6110 173923 ns/op 2906 B/op 87 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.DBR/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.DBR/Articles-4 1706 684466 ns/op 133346 B/op 1614 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PQ/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PQ/Articles-4 884 1249791 ns/op 100403 B/op 1491 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGX/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGX/Articles-4 916 1288143 ns/op 83539 B/op 1392 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.GoPG/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.GoPG/Articles-4 1726 622639 ns/op 78638 B/op 1359 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.SQLX/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.SQLX/Articles-4 860 1262599 ns/op 92030 B/op 1574 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Gorm/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Gorm/Articles-4 782 1421550 ns/op 136534 B/op 2411 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGXStdlib/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.PGXStdlib/Articles-4 938 1230576 ns/op 86743 B/op 1441 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Bun/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Bun/Articles-4 1843 626681 ns/op 101610 B/op 1323 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Xorm/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Xorm/Articles-4 1677 650244 ns/op 126677 B/op 1752 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Memory/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Memory/Articles-4 1988 1223308 ns/op 77576 B/op 1310 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.UpperDB/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.UpperDB/Articles-4 1696 687130 ns/op 139680 B/op 2862 allocs/op BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Ozzo/Articles BenchmarkInsert/*dbeval.Ozzo/Articles-4 697 1496859 ns/op 114780 B/op 1950 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.UpperDB BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.UpperDB-4 10184 117527 ns/op 9953 B/op 441 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Bun BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Bun-4 20716 54261 ns/op 5096 B/op 15 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Ozzo BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Ozzo-4 11166 91043 ns/op 3088 B/op 64 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PQ BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PQ-4 13875 86171 ns/op 844 B/op 24 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PGX BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PGX-4 13846 79983 ns/op 719 B/op 15 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Memory BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Memory-4 14113720 82.33 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Xorm BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Xorm-4 12027 98519 ns/op 3633 B/op 106 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Gorm BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.Gorm-4 11521 102241 ns/op 6592 B/op 143 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PGXStdlib BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.PGXStdlib-4 13933 82626 ns/op 1174 B/op 28 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.DBR BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.DBR-4 21920 51175 ns/op 1756 B/op 39 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.SQLX BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.SQLX-4 13603 80788 ns/op 1327 B/op 32 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.GoPG BenchmarkFindAuthorByID/*dbeval.GoPG-4 23174 50042 ns/op 869 B/op 17 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.SQLX BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.SQLX-4 1070 1065272 ns/op 126348 B/op 4018 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Bun BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Bun-4 877 1231377 ns/op 115803 B/op 5005 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Xorm BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Xorm-4 471 2345445 ns/op 455711 B/op 19080 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.DBR BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.DBR-4 954 1089977 ns/op 120070 B/op 6023 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PQ BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PQ-4 1333 784400 ns/op 87159 B/op 4006 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.GoPG BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.GoPG-4 1580 770966 ns/op 87525 B/op 3028 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.UpperDB BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.UpperDB-4 789 1314164 ns/op 190689 B/op 6428 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Ozzo BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Ozzo-4 948 1255282 ns/op 238764 B/op 6053 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PGXStdlib BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PGXStdlib-4 1279 920391 ns/op 126163 B/op 4014 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PGX BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.PGX-4 1364 780970 ns/op 101967 B/op 2028 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Gorm BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Gorm-4 340 3445818 ns/op 1573637 B/op 27102 allocs/op BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Memory BenchmarkFindAuthorByName/*dbeval.Memory-4 38081223 31.24 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PGXStdlib BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PGXStdlib-4 358 3344119 ns/op 3425578 B/op 14177 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.GoPG BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.GoPG-4 364 3156372 ns/op 1794091 B/op 10032 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Xorm BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Xorm-4 157 7567835 ns/op 5018011 B/op 81425 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Gorm BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Gorm-4 139 7980084 ns/op 6776277 B/op 85418 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.SQLX BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.SQLX-4 338 3289802 ns/op 3425890 B/op 14181 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Ozzo BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Ozzo-4 320 3508322 ns/op 4025966 B/op 18207 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.DBR BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.DBR-4 237 5248644 ns/op 3331003 B/op 21370 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Bun BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Bun-4 280 4528582 ns/op 1864362 B/op 15965 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.UpperDB BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.UpperDB-4 297 3704663 ns/op 3607287 B/op 18542 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PQ BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PQ-4 308 3489229 ns/op 3277050 B/op 17359 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Memory BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.Memory-4 29590380 42.27 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PGX BenchmarkRecentArticles/*dbeval.PGX-4 356 3345500 ns/op 3297316 B/op 6226 allocs/op ```
[https://github.com/frederikhors/orm-benchmark](https://github.com/frederikhors/orm-benchmark)
results ``` 4000 times - Insert raw_stmt: 0.38s 94280 ns/op 718 B/op 14 allocs/op raw: 0.39s 96719 ns/op 718 B/op 13 allocs/op beego_orm: 0.48s 118994 ns/op 2411 B/op 56 allocs/op bun: 0.57s 142285 ns/op 918 B/op 12 allocs/op pg: 0.58s 145496 ns/op 1235 B/op 12 allocs/op gorm: 0.70s 175294 ns/op 6665 B/op 88 allocs/op xorm: 0.76s 189533 ns/op 3032 B/op 94 allocs/op 4000 times - MultiInsert 100 row raw: 4.59s 1147385 ns/op 135155 B/op 916 allocs/op raw_stmt: 4.59s 1148137 ns/op 131076 B/op 916 allocs/op beego_orm: 5.50s 1375637 ns/op 179962 B/op 2747 allocs/op bun: 6.18s 1544648 ns/op 4265 B/op 214 allocs/op pg: 7.01s 1753495 ns/op 5039 B/op 114 allocs/op gorm: 9.52s 2379219 ns/op 293956 B/op 3729 allocs/op xorm: 11.66s 2915478 ns/op 286140 B/op 7422 allocs/op 4000 times - Update raw_stmt: 0.26s 65781 ns/op 773 B/op 14 allocs/op raw: 0.31s 77209 ns/op 757 B/op 13 allocs/op beego_orm: 0.43s 107064 ns/op 1802 B/op 47 allocs/op bun: 0.56s 139839 ns/op 589 B/op 4 allocs/op pg: 0.60s 149608 ns/op 896 B/op 11 allocs/op gorm: 0.74s 185970 ns/op 6604 B/op 81 allocs/op xorm: 0.81s 203240 ns/op 2994 B/op 119 allocs/op 4000 times - Read raw: 0.33s 81671 ns/op 2081 B/op 49 allocs/op raw_stmt: 0.34s 85847 ns/op 2112 B/op 50 allocs/op beego_orm: 0.38s 94777 ns/op 2106 B/op 75 allocs/op pg: 0.42s 106148 ns/op 1526 B/op 22 allocs/op bun: 0.43s 106904 ns/op 1319 B/op 18 allocs/op gorm: 0.65s 162221 ns/op 5240 B/op 108 allocs/op xorm: 1.13s 281738 ns/op 8326 B/op 237 allocs/op 4000 times - MultiRead limit 100 raw: 1.52s 380351 ns/op 38356 B/op 1037 allocs/op raw_stmt: 1.54s 385541 ns/op 38388 B/op 1038 allocs/op pg: 1.86s 465468 ns/op 24045 B/op 631 allocs/op bun: 2.58s 645354 ns/op 30009 B/op 1122 allocs/op beego_orm: 2.93s 732028 ns/op 55280 B/op 3077 allocs/op gorm: 4.97s 1241831 ns/op 71628 B/op 3877 allocs/op xorm: doesn't work ```
## Why another database client? So you can elegantly write complex queries: ```go regionalSales := db.NewSelect(). ColumnExpr("region"). ColumnExpr("SUM(amount) AS total_sales"). TableExpr("orders"). GroupExpr("region") topRegions := db.NewSelect(). ColumnExpr("region"). TableExpr("regional_sales"). Where("total_sales > (SELECT SUM(total_sales) / 10 FROM regional_sales)") var items []map[string]interface{} err := db.NewSelect(). With("regional_sales", regionalSales). With("top_regions", topRegions). ColumnExpr("region"). ColumnExpr("product"). ColumnExpr("SUM(quantity) AS product_units"). ColumnExpr("SUM(amount) AS product_sales"). TableExpr("orders"). Where("region IN (SELECT region FROM top_regions)"). GroupExpr("region"). GroupExpr("product"). Scan(ctx, &items) ``` ```sql WITH regional_sales AS ( SELECT region, SUM(amount) AS total_sales FROM orders GROUP BY region ), top_regions AS ( SELECT region FROM regional_sales WHERE total_sales > (SELECT SUM(total_sales)/10 FROM regional_sales) ) SELECT region, product, SUM(quantity) AS product_units, SUM(amount) AS product_sales FROM orders WHERE region IN (SELECT region FROM top_regions) GROUP BY region, product ``` And scan results into scalars, structs, maps, slices of structs/maps/scalars: ```go users := make([]User, 0) if err := db.NewSelect().Model(&users).OrderExpr("id ASC").Scan(ctx); err != nil { panic(err) } user1 := new(User) if err := db.NewSelect().Model(user1).Where("id = ?", 1).Scan(ctx); err != nil { panic(err) } ``` See [**Getting started**](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/golang-orm.html) guide and check [examples](example). ## See also - [Golang HTTP router](https://github.com/uptrace/bunrouter) - [Golang ClickHouse ORM](https://github.com/uptrace/go-clickhouse) - [Golang msgpack](https://github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack) ## Contributors Thanks to all the people who already contributed!